Drops Python 2 support

REP-1030

In addition to some python 2 => 3 fixes, this change bumps the scikit-learn
version to latest. The previously pinned version of scikit-learn failed trying
to compile all necessary C modules under python 3.7+ due to included header files
that weren't compatible with C the API implemented in python 3.7+.

Simultaneously, with the restrictive compatibility supported by scikit-learn,
it seemed prudent to drop python 2 support altogether. Otherwise, we'd be stuck
with python 3.4 as the newest possible version we could support.

With this change, tests are currently passing under 3.9.2.

Lastly, imports the original training data. At some point, a new version
of the training data was committed to the repo but no classifier was
trained from it. Using a classifier trained from this new data resulted
in most of the tests failing.

.build/Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+FROM python:3.9-slim-buster AS deps
+
+RUN apt-get update && \
+    apt-get install -y build-essential git curl python3-dev libatlas3-base libatlas-base-dev liblapack-dev libxml2 libxml2-dev libffi6 libffi-dev musl-dev libxslt-dev
+
+FROM deps AS testable
+ARG REPORT_PATH
+
+VOLUME ["/var/mailgun", "/etc/mailgun/ssl", ${REPORT_PATH}]
+
+ADD . /app
+WORKDIR /app
+COPY wheel/* /wheel/
+
+RUN mkdir -p ${REPORT_PATH}
+
+RUN python ./setup.py build bdist_wheel -d /wheel && \
+    pip install --no-deps /wheel/*
+
+ENTRYPOINT ["/bin/sh", "/app/run_tests.sh"]

.gitignore

@@ -39,6 +39,8 @@ nosetests.xml
 /.emacs.desktop
 /.emacs.desktop.lock
 .elc
+.idea
+.cache
 auto-save-list
 tramp
 .\#*
@@ -52,3 +54,6 @@ _trial_temp
 
 # OSX
 .DS_Store
+
+# vim-backup
+*.bak

MANIFEST.in

@@ -5,3 +5,10 @@ include classifier
 include LICENSE
 include MANIFEST.in
 include README.rst
+include talon/signature/data/train.data
+include talon/signature/data/classifier
+include talon/signature/data/classifier_01.npy
+include talon/signature/data/classifier_02.npy
+include talon/signature/data/classifier_03.npy
+include talon/signature/data/classifier_04.npy
+include talon/signature/data/classifier_05.npy

README.rst

@@ -129,6 +129,22 @@ start using it for talon.
 .. _EDRM: http://www.edrm.net/resources/data-sets/edrm-enron-email-data-set
 .. _forge: https://github.com/mailgun/forge
 
+Training on your dataset
+------------------------
+
+talon comes with a pre-processed dataset and a pre-trained classifier. To retrain the classifier on your own dataset of raw emails, structure and annotate them in the same way the `forge`_ project does. Then do:
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    from talon.signature.learning.dataset import build_extraction_dataset
+    from talon.signature.learning import classifier as c 
+    
+    build_extraction_dataset("/path/to/your/P/folder", "/path/to/talon/signature/data/train.data")
+    c.train(c.init(), "/path/to/talon/signature/data/train.data", "/path/to/talon/signature/data/classifier")
+
+Note that for signature extraction you need just the folder with the positive samples with annotated signature lines (P folder).
+
+.. _forge: https://github.com/mailgun/forge
 
 Research
 --------

requirements.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+chardet>=1.0.1
+cchardet>=0.3.5
+cssselect
+html5lib
+joblib
+lxml>=2.3.3
+numpy
+regex>=1
+scikit-learn==0.24.1 # pickled versions of classifier, else rebuild
+scipy
+six>=1.10.0

run_tests.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -ex
+REPORT_PATH="${REPORT_PATH:-./}"
+nosetests --with-xunit --with-coverage --cover-xml --cover-xml-file $REPORT_PATH/coverage.xml --xunit-file=$REPORT_PATH/nosetests.xml --cover-package=talon .

setup.py

@@ -19,17 +19,17 @@ class InstallCommand(install):
         if self.no_ml:
             dist = self.distribution
             dist.packages=find_packages(exclude=[
-                'tests',
-                'tests.*',
-                'talon.signature',
-                'talon.signature.*',
+                "tests",
+                "tests.*",
+                "talon.signature",
+                "talon.signature.*",
             ])
-            for not_required in ['numpy', 'scipy', 'scikit-learn==0.16.1']:
+            for not_required in ["numpy", "scipy", "scikit-learn==0.24.1"]:
                 dist.install_requires.remove(not_required)
 
 
 setup(name='talon',
-      version='1.3.3',
+      version='1.4.8',
       description=("Mailgun library "
                    "to extract message quotations and signatures."),
       long_description=open("README.rst").read(),
@@ -48,12 +48,13 @@ setup(name='talon',
           "regex>=1",
           "numpy",
           "scipy",
-          "scikit-learn==0.16.1", # pickled versions of classifier, else rebuild
-          'chardet>=1.0.1',
-          'cchardet>=0.3.5',
-          'cssselect',
-          'six>=1.10.0',
-          'html5lib'
+          "scikit-learn==0.24.1", # pickled versions of classifier, else rebuild
+          "chardet>=1.0.1",
+          "cchardet>=0.3.5",
+          "cssselect",
+          "six>=1.10.0",
+          "html5lib",
+          "joblib",
           ],
       tests_require=[
           "mock",

talon/html_quotations.py

@@ -87,17 +87,24 @@ def cut_gmail_quote(html_message):
 
 def cut_microsoft_quote(html_message):
     ''' Cuts splitter block and all following blocks. '''
+    #use EXSLT extensions to have a regex match() function with lxml
+    ns = {"re": "http://exslt.org/regular-expressions"}
+
+    #general pattern: @style='border:none;border-top:solid <color> 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0<unit> 0<unit> 0<unit>'
+    #outlook 2007, 2010 (international) <color=#B5C4DF> <unit=cm>
+    #outlook 2007, 2010 (american)      <color=#B5C4DF> <unit=pt>
+    #outlook 2013       (international) <color=#E1E1E1> <unit=cm>
+    #outlook 2013       (american)      <color=#E1E1E1> <unit=pt>
+    #also handles a variant with a space after the semicolon
     splitter = html_message.xpath(
-        #outlook 2007, 2010 (international)
-        "//div[@style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;"
-        "padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm']|"
-        #outlook 2007, 2010 (american)
-        "//div[@style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;"
-        "padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in']|"
+        #outlook 2007, 2010, 2013 (international, american)
+        "//div[@style[re:match(., 'border:none; ?border-top:solid #(E1E1E1|B5C4DF) 1.0pt; ?"
+        "padding:3.0pt 0(in|cm) 0(in|cm) 0(in|cm)')]]|"
         #windows mail
         "//div[@style='padding-top: 5px; "
         "border-top-color: rgb(229, 229, 229); "
         "border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid;']"
+        , namespaces=ns
     )
 
     if splitter:

talon/quotations.py

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ import six
 log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
-RE_FWD = re.compile("^[-]+[ ]*Forwarded message[ ]*[-]+$", re.I | re.M)
+RE_FWD = re.compile("^[-]+[ ]*Forwarded message[ ]*[-]+\s*$", re.I | re.M)
 
 RE_ON_DATE_SMB_WROTE = re.compile(
     u'(-*[>]?[ ]?({0})[ ].*({1})(.*\n){{0,2}}.*({2}):?-*)'.format(
@@ -38,10 +38,14 @@ RE_ON_DATE_SMB_WROTE = re.compile(
             'Op',
             # German
             'Am',
+            # Portuguese
+            'Em',
             # Norwegian
             u'På',
             # Swedish, Danish
             'Den',
+            # Vietnamese
+            u'Vào',
         )),
         # Date and sender separator
         u'|'.join((
@@ -62,8 +66,12 @@ RE_ON_DATE_SMB_WROTE = re.compile(
             'schreef','verzond','geschreven',
             # German
             'schrieb',
+            # Portuguese
+            'escreveu',
             # Norwegian, Swedish
             'skrev',
+            # Vietnamese
+            u'đã viết',
         ))
     ))
 # Special case for languages where text is translated like this: 'on {date} wrote {somebody}:'
@@ -131,14 +139,33 @@ RE_ORIGINAL_MESSAGE = re.compile(u'[\s]*[-]+[ ]*({})[ ]*[-]+'.format(
         'Oprindelig meddelelse',
     ))), re.I)
 
-RE_FROM_COLON_OR_DATE_COLON = re.compile(u'(_+\r?\n)?[\s]*(:?[*]?{})[\s]?:[*]? .*'.format(
+RE_FROM_COLON_OR_DATE_COLON = re.compile(u'((_+\r?\n)?[\s]*:?[*]?({})[\s]?:([^\n$]+\n){{1,2}}){{2,}}'.format(
     u'|'.join((
         # "From" in different languages.
         'From', 'Van', 'De', 'Von', 'Fra', u'Från',
         # "Date" in different languages.
-        'Date', 'Datum', u'Envoyé', 'Skickat', 'Sendt',
+        'Date', '[S]ent', 'Datum', u'Envoyé', 'Skickat', 'Sendt', 'Gesendet',
+        # "Subject" in different languages.
+        'Subject', 'Betreff', 'Objet', 'Emne', u'Ämne',
+        # "To" in different languages.
+        'To', 'An', 'Til', u'À', 'Till'
+    ))), re.I | re.M)
+
+# ---- John Smith wrote ----
+RE_ANDROID_WROTE = re.compile(u'[\s]*[-]+.*({})[ ]*[-]+'.format(
+    u'|'.join((
+        # English
+        'wrote',
     ))), re.I)
 
+# Support polymail.io reply format
+# On Tue, Apr 11, 2017 at 10:07 PM John Smith
+#
+# <
+# mailto:John Smith <johnsmith@gmail.com>
+# > wrote:
+RE_POLYMAIL = re.compile('On.*\s{2}<\smailto:.*\s> wrote:', re.I)
+
 SPLITTER_PATTERNS = [
     RE_ORIGINAL_MESSAGE,
     RE_ON_DATE_SMB_WROTE,
@@ -146,24 +173,25 @@ SPLITTER_PATTERNS = [
     RE_FROM_COLON_OR_DATE_COLON,
     # 02.04.2012 14:20 пользователь "bob@example.com" <
     # bob@xxx.mailgun.org> написал:
-    re.compile("(\d+/\d+/\d+|\d+\.\d+\.\d+).*@", re.S),
+    re.compile("(\d+/\d+/\d+|\d+\.\d+\.\d+).*\s\S+@\S+", re.S),
     # 2014-10-17 11:28 GMT+03:00 Bob <
     # bob@example.com>:
-    re.compile("\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}\s+\d{2}:\d{2}\s+GMT.*@", re.S),
+    re.compile("\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}\s+\d{2}:\d{2}\s+GMT.*\s\S+@\S+", re.S),
     # Thu, 26 Jun 2014 14:00:51 +0400 Bob <bob@example.com>:
     re.compile('\S{3,10}, \d\d? \S{3,10} 20\d\d,? \d\d?:\d\d(:\d\d)?'
                '( \S+){3,6}@\S+:'),
     # Sent from Samsung MobileName <address@example.com> wrote:
-    re.compile('Sent from Samsung .*@.*> wrote')
+    re.compile('Sent from Samsung.* \S+@\S+> wrote'),
+    RE_ANDROID_WROTE,
+    RE_POLYMAIL
     ]
 
-
 RE_LINK = re.compile('<(http://[^>]*)>')
 RE_NORMALIZED_LINK = re.compile('@@(http://[^>@]*)@@')
 
 RE_PARENTHESIS_LINK = re.compile("\(https?://")
 
-SPLITTER_MAX_LINES = 4
+SPLITTER_MAX_LINES = 6
 MAX_LINES_COUNT = 1000
 # an extensive research shows that exceeding this limit
 # leads to excessive processing time
@@ -188,6 +216,19 @@ def extract_from(msg_body, content_type='text/plain'):
     return msg_body
 
 
+def remove_initial_spaces_and_mark_message_lines(lines):
+    """
+    Removes the initial spaces in each line before marking message lines.
+
+    This ensures headers can be identified if they are indented with spaces.
+    """
+    i = 0
+    while i < len(lines):
+        lines[i] = lines[i].lstrip(' ')
+        i += 1
+    return mark_message_lines(lines)
+
+
 def mark_message_lines(lines):
     """Mark message lines with markers to distinguish quotation lines.
 
@@ -253,7 +294,7 @@ def process_marked_lines(lines, markers, return_flags=[False, -1, -1]):
     # inlined reply
     # use lookbehind assertions to find overlapping entries e.g. for 'mtmtm'
     # both 't' entries should be found
-    for inline_reply in re.finditer('(?<=m)e*((?:t+e*)+)m', markers):
+    for inline_reply in re.finditer('(?<=m)e*(t[te]*)m', markers):
         # long links could break sequence of quotation lines but they shouldn't
         # be considered an inline reply
         links = (
@@ -290,9 +331,21 @@ def preprocess(msg_body, delimiter, content_type='text/plain'):
 
     Converts msg_body into a unicode.
     """
-    # normalize links i.e. replace '<', '>' wrapping the link with some symbols
-    # so that '>' closing the link couldn't be mistakenly taken for quotation
-    # marker.
+    msg_body = _replace_link_brackets(msg_body)
+
+    msg_body = _wrap_splitter_with_newline(msg_body, delimiter, content_type)
+
+    return msg_body
+
+
+def _replace_link_brackets(msg_body):
+    """
+    Normalize links i.e. replace '<', '>' wrapping the link with some symbols
+    so that '>' closing the link couldn't be mistakenly taken for quotation
+    marker.
+
+    Converts msg_body into a unicode
+    """
     if isinstance(msg_body, bytes):
         msg_body = msg_body.decode('utf8')
 
@@ -304,7 +357,14 @@ def preprocess(msg_body, delimiter, content_type='text/plain'):
             return "@@%s@@" % link.group(1)
 
     msg_body = re.sub(RE_LINK, link_wrapper, msg_body)
+    return msg_body
 
+
+def _wrap_splitter_with_newline(msg_body, delimiter, content_type='text/plain'):
+    """
+    Splits line in two if splitter pattern preceded by some text on the same
+    line (done only for 'On <date> <person> wrote:' pattern.
+    """
     def splitter_wrapper(splitter):
         """Wraps splitter with new line"""
         if splitter.start() and msg_body[splitter.start() - 1] != '\n':
@@ -378,6 +438,9 @@ def _extract_from_html(msg_body):
     Extract not quoted message from provided html message body
     using tags and plain text algorithm.
 
+    Cut out first some encoding html tags such as xml and doctype
+    for avoiding conflict with unicode decoding
+
     Cut out the 'blockquote', 'gmail_quote' tags.
     Cut Microsoft quotations.
 
@@ -393,6 +456,9 @@ def _extract_from_html(msg_body):
         return msg_body
 
     msg_body = msg_body.replace(b'\r\n', b'\n')
+
+    msg_body = re.sub(br"\<\?xml.+\?\>|\<\!DOCTYPE.+]\>", "", msg_body)
+
     html_tree = html_document_fromstring(msg_body)
 
     if html_tree is None:
@@ -450,24 +516,87 @@ def _extract_from_html(msg_body):
     if _readable_text_empty(html_tree_copy):
         return msg_body
 
+    # NOTE: We remove_namespaces() because we are using an HTML5 Parser, HTML
+    # parsers do not recognize namespaces in HTML tags. As such the rendered
+    # HTML tags are no longer recognizable HTML tags. Example: <o:p> becomes
+    # <oU0003Ap>. When we port this to golang we should look into using an
+    # XML Parser NOT and HTML5 Parser since we do not know what input a
+    # customer will send us. Switching to a common XML parser in python
+    # opens us up to a host of vulnerabilities.
+    # See https://docs.python.org/3/library/xml.html#xml-vulnerabilities
+    #
+    # The down sides to removing the namespaces is that customers might
+    # judge the XML namespaces important. If that is the case then support
+    # should encourage customers to preform XML parsing of the un-stripped
+    # body to get the full unmodified XML payload.
+    #
+    # Alternatives to this approach are
+    # 1. Ignore the U0003A in tag names and let the customer deal with it.
+    #    This is not ideal, as most customers use stripped-html for viewing
+    #    emails sent from a recipient, as such they cannot control the HTML
+    #    provided by a recipient.
+    # 2. Preform a string replace of 'U0003A' to ':' on the rendered HTML
+    #    string. While this would solve the issue simply, it runs the risk
+    #    of replacing data outside the <tag> which might be essential to
+    #    the customer.
+    remove_namespaces(html_tree_copy)
     return html.tostring(html_tree_copy)
 
 
+def remove_namespaces(root):
+    """
+    Given the root of an HTML document iterate through all the elements
+    and remove any namespaces that might have been provided and remove
+    any attributes that contain a namespace
+
+    <html xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office">
+    becomes
+    <html>
+
+    <o:p>Hi</o:p>
+    becomes
+    <p>Hi</p>
+
+    Start tags do NOT have a namespace; COLON characters have no special meaning.
+    if we don't remove the namespace the parser translates the tag name into a
+    unicode representation. For example <o:p> becomes <oU0003Ap>
+
+    See https://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-html5-20110525/syntax.html#start-tags
+
+
+    """
+    for child in root.iter():
+        for key, value in child.attrib.items():
+            # If the attribute includes a colon
+            if key.rfind("U0003A") != -1:
+                child.attrib.pop(key)
+
+        # If the tag includes a colon
+        idx = child.tag.rfind("U0003A")
+        if idx != -1:
+            child.tag = child.tag[idx+6:]
+
+    return root
+
+
 def split_emails(msg):
     """
-    Given a message (which may consist of an email conversation thread with multiple emails), mark the lines to identify
-     split lines, content lines and empty lines.
+    Given a message (which may consist of an email conversation thread with
+    multiple emails), mark the lines to identify split lines, content lines and
+    empty lines.
 
-    Correct the split line markers inside header blocks. Header blocks are identified by the regular expression
-    RE_HEADER.
+    Correct the split line markers inside header blocks. Header blocks are
+    identified by the regular expression RE_HEADER.
 
     Return the corrected markers
     """
-    delimiter = get_delimiter(msg)
-    msg_body = preprocess(msg, delimiter)
+    msg_body = _replace_link_brackets(msg)
+
     # don't process too long messages
     lines = msg_body.splitlines()[:MAX_LINES_COUNT]
-    markers = mark_message_lines(lines)
+    markers = remove_initial_spaces_and_mark_message_lines(lines)
+
+    markers = _mark_quoted_email_splitlines(markers, lines)
 
     # we don't want splitlines in header blocks
     markers = _correct_splitlines_in_headers(markers, lines)
@@ -475,20 +604,44 @@ def split_emails(msg):
     return markers
 
 
+def _mark_quoted_email_splitlines(markers, lines):
+    """
+    When there are headers indented with '>' characters, this method will
+    attempt to identify if the header is a splitline header. If it is, then we
+    mark it with 's' instead of leaving it as 'm' and return the new markers.
+    """
+    # Create a list of markers to easily alter specific characters
+    markerlist = list(markers)
+    for i, line in enumerate(lines):
+        if markerlist[i] != 'm':
+            continue
+        for pattern in SPLITTER_PATTERNS:
+            matcher = re.search(pattern, line)
+            if matcher:
+                markerlist[i] = 's'
+                break
+
+    return "".join(markerlist)
+
+
 def _correct_splitlines_in_headers(markers, lines):
-    """Corrects markers by removing splitlines deemed to be inside header blocks"""
+    """
+    Corrects markers by removing splitlines deemed to be inside header blocks.
+    """
     updated_markers = ""
     i = 0
     in_header_block = False
-
     for m in markers:
-        # Only set in_header_block flag true when we hit an 's' and the line is a header.
+        # Only set in_header_block flag when we hit an 's' and line is a header
         if m == 's':
             if not in_header_block:
                 if bool(re.search(RE_HEADER, lines[i])):
                     in_header_block = True
             else:
-                m = 't'
+                if QUOT_PATTERN.match(lines[i]):
+                    m = 'm'
+                else:
+                    m = 't'
 
         # If the line is not a header line, set in_header_block false.
         if not bool(re.search(RE_HEADER, lines[i])):

talon/signature/bruteforce.py

@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
 from __future__ import absolute_import
+
 import logging
 
 import regex as re
 
-from talon.utils import get_delimiter
 from talon.signature.constants import (SIGNATURE_MAX_LINES,
                                        TOO_LONG_SIGNATURE_LINE)
+from talon.utils import get_delimiter
 
 log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
-
 # regex to fetch signature based on common signature words
 RE_SIGNATURE = re.compile(r'''
                (
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@ RE_SIGNATURE = re.compile(r'''
                )
                ''', re.I | re.X | re.M | re.S)
 
-
 # signatures appended by phone email clients
 RE_PHONE_SIGNATURE = re.compile(r'''
                (
@@ -45,7 +44,6 @@ RE_PHONE_SIGNATURE = re.compile(r'''
                )
                ''', re.I | re.X | re.M | re.S)
 
-
 # see _mark_candidate_indexes() for details
 # c - could be signature line
 # d - line starts with dashes (could be signature or list item)
@@ -112,7 +110,7 @@ def extract_signature(msg_body):
 
             return (stripped_body.strip(),
                     signature.strip())
-    except Exception as e:
+    except Exception:
         log.exception('ERROR extracting signature')
         return (msg_body, None)
 
@@ -163,7 +161,7 @@ def _mark_candidate_indexes(lines, candidate):
     'cdc'
     """
     # at first consider everything to be potential signature lines
-    markers = bytearray('c'*len(candidate))
+    markers = list('c' * len(candidate))
 
     # mark lines starting from bottom up
     for i, line_idx in reversed(list(enumerate(candidate))):
@@ -174,7 +172,7 @@ def _mark_candidate_indexes(lines, candidate):
             if line.startswith('-') and line.strip("-"):
                 markers[i] = 'd'
 
-    return markers
+    return "".join(markers)
 
 
 def _process_marked_candidate_indexes(candidate, markers):

talon/signature/data/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+

talon/signature/extraction.py

@@ -1,16 +1,15 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
 from __future__ import absolute_import
+
 import logging
 
-import regex as re
 import numpy
-
-from talon.signature.learning.featurespace import features, build_pattern
-from talon.utils import get_delimiter
+import regex as re
 from talon.signature.bruteforce import get_signature_candidate
+from talon.signature.learning.featurespace import features, build_pattern
 from talon.signature.learning.helpers import has_signature
-
+from talon.utils import get_delimiter
 
 log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -33,7 +32,7 @@ RE_REVERSE_SIGNATURE = re.compile(r'''
 
 def is_signature_line(line, sender, classifier):
     '''Checks if the line belongs to signature. Returns True or False.'''
-    data = numpy.array(build_pattern(line, features(sender)))
+    data = numpy.array(build_pattern(line, features(sender))).reshape(1, -1)
     return classifier.predict(data) > 0
 
 
@@ -58,7 +57,7 @@ def extract(body, sender):
                 text = delimiter.join(text)
                 if text.strip():
                     return (text, delimiter.join(signature))
-    except Exception:
+    except Exception as e:
         log.exception('ERROR when extracting signature with classifiers')
 
     return (body, None)
@@ -81,7 +80,7 @@ def _mark_lines(lines, sender):
     candidate = get_signature_candidate(lines)
 
     # at first consider everything to be text no signature
-    markers = bytearray('t'*len(lines))
+    markers = list('t' * len(lines))
 
     # mark lines starting from bottom up
     # mark only lines that belong to candidate
@@ -96,7 +95,7 @@ def _mark_lines(lines, sender):
         elif is_signature_line(line, sender, EXTRACTOR):
             markers[j] = 's'
 
-    return markers
+    return "".join(markers)
 
 
 def _process_marked_lines(lines, markers):
@@ -111,3 +110,4 @@ def _process_marked_lines(lines, markers):
         return (lines[:-signature.end()], lines[-signature.end():])
 
     return (lines, None)
+

talon/signature/learning/classifier.py

@@ -6,9 +6,10 @@ body belongs to the signature.
 """
 
 from __future__ import absolute_import
+
 from numpy import genfromtxt
+import joblib
 from sklearn.svm import LinearSVC
-from sklearn.externals import joblib
 
 
 def init():
@@ -29,4 +30,40 @@ def train(classifier, train_data_filename, save_classifier_filename=None):
 
 def load(saved_classifier_filename, train_data_filename):
     """Loads saved classifier. """
-    return joblib.load(saved_classifier_filename)
+    try:
+        return joblib.load(saved_classifier_filename)
+    except Exception:
+        import sys
+        if sys.version_info > (3, 0):
+            return load_compat(saved_classifier_filename)
+
+        raise
+
+
+def load_compat(saved_classifier_filename):
+    import os
+    import pickle
+    import tempfile
+
+    # we need to switch to the data path to properly load the related _xx.npy files
+    cwd = os.getcwd()
+    os.chdir(os.path.dirname(saved_classifier_filename))
+
+    # convert encoding using pick.load and write to temp file which we'll tell joblib to use
+    pickle_file = open(saved_classifier_filename, 'rb')
+    classifier = pickle.load(pickle_file, encoding='latin1')
+
+    try:
+        # save our conversion if permissions allow
+        joblib.dump(classifier, saved_classifier_filename)
+    except Exception:
+        # can't write to classifier, use a temp file
+        tmp = tempfile.SpooledTemporaryFile()
+        joblib.dump(classifier, tmp)
+        saved_classifier_filename = tmp
+
+    # important, use joblib.load before switching back to original cwd
+    jb_classifier = joblib.load(saved_classifier_filename)
+    os.chdir(cwd)
+
+    return jb_classifier

talon/signature/learning/dataset.py

@@ -17,13 +17,14 @@ suffix which should be `_sender`.
 """
 
 from __future__ import absolute_import
+
 import os
+
 import regex as re
+from six.moves import range
 
 from talon.signature.constants import SIGNATURE_MAX_LINES
 from talon.signature.learning.featurespace import build_pattern, features
-from six.moves import range
-
 
 SENDER_SUFFIX = '_sender'
 BODY_SUFFIX = '_body'
@@ -57,9 +58,14 @@ def parse_msg_sender(filename, sender_known=True):
     algorithm:
     >>> parse_msg_sender(filename, False)
     """
+    import sys
+    kwargs = {}
+    if sys.version_info > (3, 0):
+        kwargs["encoding"] = "utf8"
+
     sender, msg = None, None
     if os.path.isfile(filename) and not is_sender_filename(filename):
-        with open(filename) as f:
+        with open(filename, **kwargs) as f:
             msg = f.read()
             sender = u''
             if sender_known:
@@ -147,7 +153,7 @@ def build_extraction_dataset(folder, dataset_filename,
                 continue
             lines = msg.splitlines()
             for i in range(1, min(SIGNATURE_MAX_LINES,
-                                   len(lines)) + 1):
+                                  len(lines)) + 1):
                 line = lines[-i]
                 label = -1
                 if line[:len(SIGNATURE_ANNOTATION)] == \

talon/utils.py

@@ -1,19 +1,18 @@
 # coding:utf-8
 
 from __future__ import absolute_import
-import logging
+
 from random import shuffle
-import chardet
+
 import cchardet
-import regex as re
-
-from lxml.html import html5parser
-from lxml.cssselect import CSSSelector
-
+import chardet
 import html5lib
+import regex as re
+import six
+from lxml.cssselect import CSSSelector
+from lxml.html import html5parser
 
 from talon.constants import RE_DELIMITER
-import six
 
 
 def safe_format(format_string, *args, **kwargs):
@@ -128,11 +127,11 @@ def html_tree_to_text(tree):
 
         parent.remove(c)
 
-    text   = ""
+    text = ""
     for el in tree.iter():
         el_text = (el.text or '') + (el.tail or '')
         if len(el_text) > 1:
-            if el.tag in _BLOCKTAGS:
+            if el.tag in _BLOCKTAGS + _HARDBREAKS:
                 text += "\n"
             if el.tag == 'li':
                 text += "  * "
@@ -143,7 +142,8 @@ def html_tree_to_text(tree):
             if href:
                 text += "(%s) " % href
 
-        if el.tag in _HARDBREAKS and text and not text.endswith("\n"):
+        if (el.tag in _HARDBREAKS and text and
+            not text.endswith("\n") and not el_text):
             text += "\n"
 
     retval = _rm_excessive_newlines(text)
@@ -177,6 +177,8 @@ def html_to_text(string):
 def html_fromstring(s):
     """Parse html tree from string. Return None if the string can't be parsed.
     """
+    if isinstance(s, six.text_type):
+        s = s.encode('utf8')
     try:
         if html_too_big(s):
             return None
@@ -189,6 +191,8 @@ def html_fromstring(s):
 def html_document_fromstring(s):
     """Parse html tree from string. Return None if the string can't be parsed.
     """
+    if isinstance(s, six.text_type):
+        s = s.encode('utf8')
     try:
         if html_too_big(s):
             return None
@@ -203,7 +207,9 @@ def cssselect(expr, tree):
 
 
 def html_too_big(s):
-    return s.count('<') > _MAX_TAGS_COUNT
+    if isinstance(s, six.text_type):
+        s = s.encode('utf8')
+    return s.count(b'<') > _MAX_TAGS_COUNT
 
 
 def _contains_charset_spec(s):
@@ -248,8 +254,7 @@ def _html5lib_parser():
 _UTF8_DECLARATION = (b'<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;'
                      b'charset=utf-8">')
 
-
-_BLOCKTAGS  = ['div', 'p', 'ul', 'li', 'h1', 'h2', 'h3']
+_BLOCKTAGS = ['div', 'p', 'ul', 'li', 'h1', 'h2', 'h3']
 _HARDBREAKS = ['br', 'hr', 'tr']
 
 _RE_EXCESSIVE_NEWLINES = re.compile("\n{2,10}")

test-requirements.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+coverage
+mock
+nose>=1.2.1

tests/html_quotations_test.py

@@ -1,13 +1,14 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
 from __future__ import absolute_import
-from . import *
-from . fixtures import *
 
-import regex as re
+# noinspection PyUnresolvedReferences
+import re
 
 from talon import quotations, utils as u
-
+from . import *
+from .fixtures import *
+from lxml import html
 
 RE_WHITESPACE = re.compile("\s")
 RE_DOUBLE_WHITESPACE = re.compile("\s")
@@ -303,7 +304,12 @@ Reply
 
 
 def extract_reply_and_check(filename):
-    f = open(filename)
+    import sys
+    kwargs = {}
+    if sys.version_info > (3, 0):
+        kwargs["encoding"] = "utf8"
+
+    f = open(filename, **kwargs)
 
     msg_body = f.read()
     reply = quotations.extract_from_html(msg_body)
@@ -419,3 +425,23 @@ def test_readable_html_empty():
 def test_bad_html():
     bad_html = "<html></html>"
     eq_(bad_html, quotations.extract_from_html(bad_html))
+
+
+def test_remove_namespaces():
+    msg_body = """
+    <html xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40">
+        <body>
+            <o:p>Dear Sir,</o:p>
+            <o:p>Thank you for the email.</o:p>
+            <blockquote>thing</blockquote>
+        </body>
+    </html>
+    """
+
+    rendered = quotations.extract_from_html(msg_body)
+
+    assert_true("<p>" in rendered)
+    assert_true("xmlns" in rendered)
+
+    assert_true("<o:p>" not in rendered)
+    assert_true("<xmlns:o>" not in rendered)

tests/signature/extraction_test.py

@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
 from __future__ import absolute_import
-from .. import *
 
 import os
 
-from talon.signature.learning import dataset
-from talon import signature
-from talon.signature import extraction as e
-from talon.signature import bruteforce
 from six.moves import range
 
+from talon.signature import bruteforce, extraction, extract
+from talon.signature import extraction as e
+from talon.signature.learning import dataset
+from .. import *
+
 
 def test_message_shorter_SIGNATURE_MAX_LINES():
     sender = "bob@foo.bar"
@@ -18,23 +18,28 @@ def test_message_shorter_SIGNATURE_MAX_LINES():
 
 Thanks in advance,
 Bob"""
-    text, extracted_signature = signature.extract(body, sender)
+    text, extracted_signature = extract(body, sender)
     eq_('\n'.join(body.splitlines()[:2]), text)
     eq_('\n'.join(body.splitlines()[-2:]), extracted_signature)
 
 
 def test_messages_longer_SIGNATURE_MAX_LINES():
+    import sys
+    kwargs = {}
+    if sys.version_info > (3, 0):
+        kwargs["encoding"] = "utf8"
+
     for filename in os.listdir(STRIPPED):
         filename = os.path.join(STRIPPED, filename)
         if not filename.endswith('_body'):
             continue
         sender, body = dataset.parse_msg_sender(filename)
-        text, extracted_signature = signature.extract(body, sender)
+        text, extracted_signature = extract(body, sender)
         extracted_signature = extracted_signature or ''
-        with open(filename[:-len('body')] + 'signature') as ms:
+        with open(filename[:-len('body')] + 'signature', **kwargs) as ms:
             msg_signature = ms.read()
             eq_(msg_signature.strip(), extracted_signature.strip())
-            stripped_msg = body.strip()[:len(body.strip())-len(msg_signature)]
+            stripped_msg = body.strip()[:len(body.strip()) - len(msg_signature)]
             eq_(stripped_msg.strip(), text.strip())
 
 
@@ -47,7 +52,7 @@ Thanks in advance,
 some text which doesn't seem to be a signature at all
 Bob"""
 
-    text, extracted_signature = signature.extract(body, sender)
+    text, extracted_signature = extract(body, sender)
     eq_('\n'.join(body.splitlines()[:2]), text)
     eq_('\n'.join(body.splitlines()[-3:]), extracted_signature)
 
@@ -60,7 +65,7 @@ Thanks in advance,
 some long text here which doesn't seem to be a signature at all
 Bob"""
 
-    text, extracted_signature = signature.extract(body, sender)
+    text, extracted_signature = extract(body, sender)
     eq_('\n'.join(body.splitlines()[:-1]), text)
     eq_('Bob', extracted_signature)
 
@@ -68,13 +73,13 @@ Bob"""
 
     some *long* text here which doesn't seem to be a signature at all
     """
-    ((body, None), signature.extract(body, "david@example.com"))
+    ((body, None), extract(body, "david@example.com"))
 
 
 def test_basic():
     msg_body = 'Blah\r\n--\r\n\r\nSergey Obukhov'
     eq_(('Blah', '--\r\n\r\nSergey Obukhov'),
-        signature.extract(msg_body, 'Sergey'))
+        extract(msg_body, 'Sergey'))
 
 
 def test_capitalized():
@@ -99,7 +104,7 @@ Doe Inc
 Doe Inc
 555-531-7967"""
 
-    eq_(sig, signature.extract(msg_body, 'Doe')[1])
+    eq_(sig, extract(msg_body, 'Doe')[1])
 
 
 def test_over_2_text_lines_after_signature():
@@ -110,25 +115,25 @@ def test_over_2_text_lines_after_signature():
     2 non signature lines in the end
     It's not signature
     """
-    text, extracted_signature = signature.extract(body, "Bob")
+    text, extracted_signature = extract(body, "Bob")
     eq_(extracted_signature, None)
 
 
 def test_no_signature():
     sender, body = "bob@foo.bar", "Hello"
-    eq_((body, None), signature.extract(body, sender))
+    eq_((body, None), extract(body, sender))
 
 
 def test_handles_unicode():
     sender, body = dataset.parse_msg_sender(UNICODE_MSG)
-    text, extracted_signature = signature.extract(body, sender)
+    text, extracted_signature = extract(body, sender)
 
 
-@patch.object(signature.extraction, 'has_signature')
+@patch.object(extraction, 'has_signature')
 def test_signature_extract_crash(has_signature):
     has_signature.side_effect = Exception('Bam!')
     msg_body = u'Blah\r\n--\r\n\r\nСергей'
-    eq_((msg_body, None), signature.extract(msg_body, 'Сергей'))
+    eq_((msg_body, None), extract(msg_body, 'Сергей'))
 
 
 def test_mark_lines():
@@ -137,19 +142,19 @@ def test_mark_lines():
         # (starting from the bottom) because we don't count empty line
         eq_('ttset',
             e._mark_lines(['Bob Smith',
-                          'Bob Smith',
-                          'Bob Smith',
-                          '',
-                          'some text'], 'Bob Smith'))
+                           'Bob Smith',
+                           'Bob Smith',
+                           '',
+                           'some text'], 'Bob Smith'))
 
     with patch.object(bruteforce, 'SIGNATURE_MAX_LINES', 3):
         # we don't analyse the 1st line because
         # signature cant start from the 1st line
         eq_('tset',
             e._mark_lines(['Bob Smith',
-                          'Bob Smith',
-                          '',
-                          'some text'], 'Bob Smith'))
+                           'Bob Smith',
+                           '',
+                           'some text'], 'Bob Smith'))
 
 
 def test_process_marked_lines():

tests/text_quotations_test.py

@@ -35,6 +35,19 @@ On 11-Apr-2011, at 6:54 PM, Roman Tkachenko <romant@example.com> wrote:
 
     eq_("Test reply", quotations.extract_from_plain(msg_body))
 
+def test_pattern_on_date_polymail():
+    msg_body = """Test reply
+
+On Tue, Apr 11, 2017 at 10:07 PM John Smith
+
+<
+mailto:John Smith <johnsmith@gmail.com>
+> wrote:
+Test quoted data
+"""
+
+    eq_("Test reply", quotations.extract_from_plain(msg_body))
+
 
 def test_pattern_sent_from_samsung_smb_wrote():
     msg_body = """Test reply
@@ -106,6 +119,38 @@ On 11-Apr-2011, at 6:54 PM, Roman Tkachenko <romant@example.com> sent:
     eq_("Test reply", quotations.extract_from_plain(msg_body))
 
 
+def test_appointment():
+    msg_body = """Response
+
+10/19/2017 @ 9:30 am for physical therapy
+Bla
+1517 4th Avenue Ste 300
+London CA 19129, 555-421-6780
+
+John Doe, FCLS
+Mailgun Inc
+555-941-0697
+
+From: from@example.com [mailto:from@example.com]
+Sent: Wednesday, October 18, 2017 2:05 PM
+To: John Doer - SIU <jd@example.com>
+Subject: RE: Claim # 5551188-1
+
+Text"""
+
+    expected = """Response
+
+10/19/2017 @ 9:30 am for physical therapy
+Bla
+1517 4th Avenue Ste 300
+London CA 19129, 555-421-6780
+
+John Doe, FCLS
+Mailgun Inc
+555-941-0697"""
+    eq_(expected, quotations.extract_from_plain(msg_body))
+
+
 def test_line_starts_with_on():
     msg_body = """Blah-blah-blah
 On blah-blah-blah"""
@@ -142,7 +187,8 @@ def _check_pattern_original_message(original_message_indicator):
 -----{}-----
 
 Test"""
-    eq_('Test reply', quotations.extract_from_plain(msg_body.format(six.text_type(original_message_indicator))))
+    eq_('Test reply', quotations.extract_from_plain(
+        msg_body.format(six.text_type(original_message_indicator))))
 
 def test_english_original_message():
     _check_pattern_original_message('Original Message')
@@ -165,6 +211,17 @@ Test reply"""
     eq_("Test reply", quotations.extract_from_plain(msg_body))
 
 
+def test_android_wrote():
+    msg_body = """Test reply
+
+---- John Smith wrote ----
+
+> quoted
+> text
+"""
+    eq_("Test reply", quotations.extract_from_plain(msg_body))
+
+
 def test_reply_wraps_quotations():
     msg_body = """Test reply
 
@@ -376,6 +433,14 @@ Op 17-feb.-2015, om 13:18 heeft Julius Caesar <pantheon@rome.com> het volgende g
 Small batch beard laboris tempor, non listicle hella Tumblr heirloom.
 """))
 
+def test_vietnamese_from_block():
+    eq_('Hello', quotations.extract_from_plain(
+    u"""Hello
+
+Vào 14:24 8 tháng 6, 2017, Hùng Nguyễn <hungnguyen@xxx.com> đã viết:
+
+> Xin chào
+"""))
 
 def test_quotation_marker_false_positive():
     msg_body = """Visit us now for assistance...
@@ -388,6 +453,7 @@ def test_link_closed_with_quotation_marker_on_new_line():
     msg_body = '''8.45am-1pm
 
 From: somebody@example.com
+Date: Wed, 16 May 2012 00:15:02 -0600
  
 <http://email.example.com/c/dHJhY2tpbmdfY29kZT1mMDdjYzBmNzM1ZjYzMGIxNT
 >  <bob@example.com <mailto:bob@example.com> >
@@ -429,7 +495,9 @@ def test_from_block_starts_with_date():
     msg_body = """Blah
 
 Date: Wed, 16 May 2012 00:15:02 -0600
-To: klizhentas@example.com"""
+To: klizhentas@example.com
+
+"""
     eq_('Blah', quotations.extract_from_plain(msg_body))
 
 
@@ -499,11 +567,12 @@ def test_mark_message_lines():
              # next line should be marked as splitter
              '_____________',
              'From: foo@bar.com',
+             'Date: Wed, 16 May 2012 00:15:02 -0600',
              '',
              '> Hi',
              '',
              'Signature']
-    eq_('tessemet', quotations.mark_message_lines(lines))
+    eq_('tesssemet', quotations.mark_message_lines(lines))
 
     lines = ['Just testing the email reply',
              '',
@@ -700,23 +769,73 @@ def test_standard_replies():
 
 def test_split_email():
     msg = """From: Mr. X
-Date: 24 February 2016
-To: Mr. Y
-Subject: Hi
-Attachments: none
-Goodbye.
-From: Mr. Y
-To: Mr. X
-Date: 24 February 2016
-Subject: Hi
-Attachments: none
+    Date: 24 February 2016
+    To: Mr. Y
+    Subject: Hi
+    Attachments: none
+    Goodbye.
+    From: Mr. Y
+    To: Mr. X
+    Date: 24 February 2016
+    Subject: Hi
+    Attachments: none
 
-Hello.
+    Hello.
 
--- Original Message --
-On 24th February 2016 at 09.32am Conal Wrote:
-Hey!
+        On 24th February 2016 at 09.32am, Conal wrote:
+
+        Hey!
+
+        On Mon, 2016-10-03 at 09:45 -0600, Stangel, Dan wrote:
+        > Mohan,
+        >
+        > We have not yet migrated the systems.
+        >
+        > Dan
+        >
+        > > -----Original Message-----
+        > > Date: Mon, 2 Apr 2012 17:44:22 +0400
+        > > Subject: Test
+        > > From: bob@xxx.mailgun.org
+        > > To: xxx@gmail.com; xxx@hotmail.com; xxx@yahoo.com; xxx@aol.com; xxx@comcast.net; xxx@nyc.rr.com
+        > >
+        > > Hi
+        > >
+        > > > From: bob@xxx.mailgun.org
+        > > > To: xxx@gmail.com; xxx@hotmail.com; xxx@yahoo.com; xxx@aol.com; xxx@comcast.net; xxx@nyc.rr.com
+        > > > Date: Mon, 2 Apr 2012 17:44:22 +0400
+        > > > Subject: Test
+        > > > Hi
+        > > >
+        > >
+        >
+        >
 """
-    expected_markers = "stttttsttttetestt"
+    expected_markers = "stttttsttttetesetesmmmmmmsmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm"
     markers = quotations.split_emails(msg)
     eq_(markers, expected_markers)
+
+
+
+def test_feedback_below_left_unparsed():
+    msg_body = """Please enter your feedback below. Thank you.
+
+------------------------------------- Enter Feedback Below -------------------------------------
+
+The user experience was unparallelled. Please continue production. I'm sending payment to ensure
+that this line is intact."""
+
+    parsed = quotations.extract_from_plain(msg_body)
+    eq_(msg_body, parsed)
+
+
+def test_appointment_2():
+    msg_body = """Invitation for an interview:
+
+Date: Wednesday 3, October 2011 
+Time: 7 : 00am 
+Address: 130 Fox St
+
+Please bring in your ID."""
+    parsed = quotations.extract_from_plain(msg_body)
+    eq_(msg_body, parsed)

tests/utils_test.py

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 # coding:utf-8
 
 from __future__ import absolute_import
-from . import *
 
-from talon import utils as u
 import cchardet
 import six
-from lxml import html
+
+from talon import utils as u
+from . import *
 
 
 def test_get_delimiter():
@@ -16,31 +16,35 @@ def test_get_delimiter():
 
 
 def test_unicode():
-    eq_ (u'hi', u.to_unicode('hi'))
-    eq_ (type(u.to_unicode('hi')), six.text_type )
-    eq_ (type(u.to_unicode(u'hi')), six.text_type )
-    eq_ (type(u.to_unicode('привет')), six.text_type )
-    eq_ (type(u.to_unicode(u'привет')), six.text_type )
-    eq_ (u"привет", u.to_unicode('привет'))
-    eq_ (u"привет", u.to_unicode(u'привет'))
+    eq_(u'hi', u.to_unicode('hi'))
+    eq_(type(u.to_unicode('hi')), six.text_type)
+    eq_(type(u.to_unicode(u'hi')), six.text_type)
+    eq_(type(u.to_unicode('привет')), six.text_type)
+    eq_(type(u.to_unicode(u'привет')), six.text_type)
+    eq_(u"привет", u.to_unicode('привет'))
+    eq_(u"привет", u.to_unicode(u'привет'))
     # some latin1 stuff
-    eq_ (u"Versión", u.to_unicode(u'Versi\xf3n'.encode('iso-8859-2'), precise=True))
+    eq_(u"Versión", u.to_unicode(u'Versi\xf3n'.encode('iso-8859-2'), precise=True))
 
 
 def test_detect_encoding():
-    eq_ ('ascii', u.detect_encoding(b'qwe').lower())
-    eq_ ('iso-8859-2', u.detect_encoding(u'Versi\xf3n'.encode('iso-8859-2')).lower())
-    eq_ ('utf-8', u.detect_encoding(u'привет'.encode('utf8')).lower())
+    eq_('ascii', u.detect_encoding(b'qwe').lower())
+    ok_(u.detect_encoding(
+        u'Versi\xf3n'.encode('iso-8859-2')).lower() in [
+            'iso-8859-1', 'iso-8859-2'])
+    eq_('utf-8', u.detect_encoding(u'привет'.encode('utf8')).lower())
     # fallback to utf-8
     with patch.object(u.chardet, 'detect') as detect:
         detect.side_effect = Exception
-        eq_ ('utf-8', u.detect_encoding('qwe'.encode('utf8')).lower())
+        eq_('utf-8', u.detect_encoding('qwe'.encode('utf8')).lower())
 
 
 def test_quick_detect_encoding():
-    eq_ ('ascii', u.quick_detect_encoding(b'qwe').lower())
-    eq_ ('windows-1252', u.quick_detect_encoding(u'Versi\xf3n'.encode('windows-1252')).lower())
-    eq_ ('utf-8', u.quick_detect_encoding(u'привет'.encode('utf8')).lower())
+    eq_('ascii', u.quick_detect_encoding(b'qwe').lower())
+    ok_(u.quick_detect_encoding(
+        u'Versi\xf3n'.encode('windows-1252')).lower() in [
+            'windows-1252', 'windows-1250'])
+    eq_('utf-8', u.quick_detect_encoding(u'привет'.encode('utf8')).lower())
 
 
 @patch.object(cchardet, 'detect')
@@ -80,7 +84,7 @@ Haha
     eq_(u"привет!", u.html_to_text("<b>привет!</b>").decode('utf8'))
 
     html = '<body><br/><br/>Hi</body>'
-    eq_ (b'Hi', u.html_to_text(html))
+    eq_(b'Hi', u.html_to_text(html))
 
     html = """Hi
 <style type="text/css">
@@ -100,7 +104,7 @@ font: 13px 'Lucida Grande', Arial, sans-serif;
 
 }
 </style>"""
-    eq_ (b'Hi', u.html_to_text(html))
+    eq_(b'Hi', u.html_to_text(html))
 
     html = """<div>
 <!-- COMMENT 1 -->
@@ -111,15 +115,16 @@ font: 13px 'Lucida Grande', Arial, sans-serif;
 
 
 def test_comment_no_parent():
-    s = "<!-- COMMENT 1 --> no comment"
+    s = b'<!-- COMMENT 1 --> no comment'
     d = u.html_document_fromstring(s)
-    eq_("no comment", u.html_tree_to_text(d))
+    eq_(b"no comment", u.html_tree_to_text(d))
 
 
 @patch.object(u.html5parser, 'fromstring', Mock(side_effect=Exception()))
 def test_html_fromstring_exception():
     eq_(None, u.html_fromstring("<html></html>"))
 
+
 @patch.object(u, 'html_too_big', Mock())
 @patch.object(u.html5parser, 'fromstring')
 def test_html_fromstring_too_big(fromstring):
@@ -154,5 +159,5 @@ def test_html_too_big():
 
 @patch.object(u, '_MAX_TAGS_COUNT', 3)
 def test_html_to_text():
-    eq_("Hello", u.html_to_text("<div>Hello</div>"))
+    eq_(b"Hello", u.html_to_text("<div>Hello</div>"))
     eq_(None, u.html_to_text("<div><span>Hi</span></div>"))